World War II and the Cold War had numerous effects on United States Indigenous communities, especially in the form of nuclear waste and environmental hazards. This paper investigates a history of uranium mining in the United States that manifested in environmental injustice, specifically through nuclear waste. First, it outlines the history of two Indigenous tribes to contextualize the social and economic disparity on the reservations as a possible motive for entering into environmentally harmful economic deals. To provide the next layer of context, the essay considers the history of uranium extraction in the United States after WWII, in particular the “yellowcake” boom of the 1950s that saw the opening of uranium mines and mills across the American West. Second, the paper compares the more widely known history of the Navajo Nation’s relationship with uranium milling and its overall health consequences to that of the Wind River Indian Reservation, a lesser-known participant in the uranium rush. The essay examines how past injustices and legal loopholes have limited Indigenous people’s right to informed and voluntary consent regarding environmental land rights surrounding uranium milling with a specific focus on the Wind River Reservation. The findings aim to connect the situation at Wind River Reservation with broader historical and environmental discussions on the impact of the uranium rush on Indigenous communities and the academic discourse on the societal consequences of environmental injustice.