Often regarded as the “Father of History,” Herodotus provides an account of the Greco-Persian Wars and offers insights into the cultures, customs, and political systems of the ancient world. His work marks an early attempt to systematically record and explain past events.

  

This book offers a counter-narrative to traditional American history, focusing on the experiences and perspectives of marginalized groups, including Indigenous peoples, enslaved Africans, and working-class individuals. It encourages a critical examination of historical narratives and power dynamics.

  

A sweeping and thought-provoking account of human history from the Stone Age to the present day. Harari explores the key factors that have shaped our species, including the cognitive revolution, the agricultural revolution, and the rise of science and technology.

  

A detailed and analytical account of the war between Athens and Sparta, this work is considered a classic study of political and military history. Thucydides emphasizes the role of power, self-interest, and human nature in shaping historical events.

  

This captivating work of microhistory delves into the true story of a 16th-century French peasant who returned to his village after years away, only to be revealed as an impostor. It explores themes of identity, memory, social life, and the challenges of historical interpretation.

  

A groundbreaking work of historical sociology from the 14th century that analyzes the cyclical rise and fall of civilizations, exploring factors like social cohesion (‘asabiyyah’), economic development, political leadership, and the impact of climate and geography on human societies.

  

A compelling analysis of the major political and social transformations in Europe during the era of the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, examining the rise of new ideologies like liberalism and socialism, the impact of industrialization, and the reshaping of European society and politics.

  

A significant work in postcolonial studies that critiques the Eurocentric biases inherent in much of Western historical thought and calls for a more inclusive understanding of global history by recognizing the diverse experiences and temporalities of non-Western societies.